Cross-browser testing services

Many years ago (2013) I compiled a list of cross-browser testing tools. The list itself is probably totally irrelevant today, but it's interresting to note the different approaches to responsive web testing and cross-browser testing.

Cross-browser testing has become less of a problem due to most browsers using the same web kit nowadays. However, another complexity of responsive web has meanwhile become more prominent: There are so many more screen sizes, and resolutions nowadays. In HTML the use of flow/flex display elements has enabled an easier layout of web elements.

Chart

Main approaches in the chart above

Static analysis A lot of differences between web browsers derives from different error management. Hence, static analysis of code towards services like W3C is useful.
Web sefvices with access to physical devices Services like BrowserStack is an example of this type of service. It relieves ute users from the hassle of keeping their own physical devices up to date.
Virtualization techniques Using Windows Hyper-V or Docker containers to enable multiple setups on the same operating systems eases testing setup time.
Dynamic re-scaling analysis scripts Basically test automation that resizes browser windows, reload pages and checks at what limits content appear and disappear - and comparing the results to previous accepted runs.